It depends. One possible reason is that the data was never written to disk. With a kernel panic, it's possible that the data that aMule wrote was lost because it was in the OS's disk cache instead of actually written to disk. In that case, the data is unrecoverable.
Another possibility is that the data was written but aMule's bookkeeping was lost. So, the data is there but aMule doesn't realize it. For this, you could try the following:
- Quit aMule
- Wait at least 10 seconds
- Issue the following command in Terminal: touch ~/Library/"Application Support"/aMule/Temp/*
- Start aMule
aMule should then rehash the .part files to determine what parts, if any, have been successfully downloaded.